Is e422 glycerol vegan?

E422 is the European additive code for glycerol, a sweet-tasting liquid alcohol commonly known as glycerin. It is produced by splitting fats and oils through hydrolysis or transesterification, or less frequently by chemical synthesis from propylene. In food manufacturing, glycerol functions as a humectant to retain moisture, a solvent for flavorings and colorings, a thickener, and a low-calorie sweetener. It is widely used in soft baked goods, protein bars, frostings, confectionery, marshmallows, and liqueurs.

E422 glycerol is possibly vegan because it can be derived from plant, animal, or petroleum sources. Plant-based glycerol is typically extracted from vegetable fats such as soybean, palm, or coconut oil, whereas animal-based glycerol is derived from rendered slaughterhouse byproducts such as beef or mutton tallow. Product labels almost never indicate the origin of the fat used. Unless the packaging displays an official vegan certification, consumers must contact the manufacturer to verify whether the glycerol is plant-derived or animal-derived.