Is e1102 vegan?

E1102 is the E-number for glucose oxidase, an enzyme used as an antioxidant, preservative, and dough conditioning agent. It is produced industrially through the controlled submerged fermentation of microorganisms, typically filamentous fungi such as Aspergillus niger or Penicillium species. In food manufacturing, E1102 is frequently added to baked goods to strengthen gluten networks and improve bread volume. It is also used in beverages, dressings, and packaged foods to scavenge residual oxygen, which helps prevent unwanted color changes and off-flavors during shelf storage.

This ingredient is vegan because it is exclusively of microbial origin. The fungi used to manufacture glucose oxidase are grown in nutrient growth media composed of plant-derived carbohydrates, nitrogen sources, and mineral salts. Because no animal tissues, animal-derived enzymes, or animal processing aids are involved in its synthesis or isolation, E1102 is entirely free from animal products.